RESUMO
Migraine headache (MH) is a prevalent neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 15% of the global population. They are more common in women and typically affect young and middle-aged individuals. Chronic MH is characterized by headaches occurring on ≥15 days per month for over three months. While only 5% of MHs are refractory, about 20%-50% do not respond to pharmacologic treatments. As a result, surgical interventions have emerged as an alternative method to eliminate MH since 2000 AD. These surgical treatments primarily target the peripheral mechanisms of MH, focusing on common trigger sites. Migraine surgery involves neurolysis of sensory branches of trigeminal and occipital nerves that supply the face and back of the head. Numerous clinical studies conducted between 2000 and 2021 have extensively described surgical interventions and their prognostic outcomes. After surgery, up to 80% of patients reported complete elimination of headaches, while 20%-35% experienced no relief. The failure to achieve complete elimination of MH can be attributed to various factors. The most common reason for a partial clinical response is the failure to identify all trigger sites or inadequate surgery on the trigger sites. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current surgical interventions for MH at different trigger sites, including recent updates, success and failure rates, and potential causes of failure.
RESUMO
This study aimed to assess the light transmittance (T) and temperature increase through different increments of dual-cure bioactive bulk-fill restorative material (ACTIVA), light-cure bulk-fill, and conventional composite resin materials. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 8 mm and heights of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm of ACTIVA, Tetric-N-Ceram bulk-fill (TBF), Filtek One bulk-fill (FBF), and Filtek Z250 (FZ) (n = 6 per group, 96 in total) were light-cured with a visible blue low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) (650-800 mW/cm2 irradiance). T, and the temperature increase, were measured using an optical power meter and a digital thermometer during curing. The T mean values ranged between 0.012 and 0.239 (76.02 to 98.81% light attenuation), while the temperature rise mean values ranged between 9.02 and 20.80 °C. The parameters, including material type (partial eta squared (ηp2) = 0.284, p < 0.0001), thickness (ηp2 = 0.284, p < 0.0001), and their interaction (ηp2 = 0.185, p = 0.047), significantly affected the T values, whereas only the material type (ηp2 = 0.352, p = 0.047) affected the temperature rise values. The T and temperature rise mean values were highest in ACTIVA increments of 1-mm increments, in particular, showing the highest T mean values, followed by similar increments of TBF. A significantly higher T was found in 1-mm increments compared to thicker increments for all materials (p < 0.0001), and a significant positive correlation existed between T and temperature rise values (r = 0.348, p = 0.001). These findings show that the bioactive material ACTIVA and TBF allow for better T than the other materials, with ACTIVA recording a higher temperature rise. However, the large light attenuation observed for all materials, irrespective of thickness, suggests that curing in more than one location with a low-intensity LED is necessary to optimize the curing process. Furthermore, incremental filling of bulk-fill materials using a low intensity LED could be beneficial.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to compare health-related quality of life between adults with Crohn's disease (CD) and healthy controls (CONs). METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on adults with CD and CONs in Saudi Arabia (aged 18-60 years). Sociodemographic data (area of residence, education level, employment, and marital status) were collected from both groups, as well as additional information including disease onset, treatment, and symptomology from the CD group. The validated Arabic version of the quality of life tool was used to assess health-related quality of life. RESULTS: A total of 109 CD patients and 370 CONs participated in this study. The patients with CD had significantly lower health-related quality of life scores for physical functioning [CD 75 (50-90), CON 85 (60-95)], role physical [CD 50 (0-100), CON 100 (50-100)], role emotional [CD 67 (0-100), CON 67 (33-100)], vitality [CD 50 (30-58), CON 50 (40-60)], social functioning [CD 63 (50-75), CON 75 (50-88)], bodily pain [CD 70 (45-90), CON 80 (68-100)], and general health [CD 55 (40-65), CON 65 (55-75)]. The physical and mental domain scores were lower in the CD group [63 (52-75) and 51 (32-69)] than CONs group [75 (63-85) and 63 (55-72)], respectively (p<0.02). CONCLUSION: The CD group had a lower health-related quality of life than the CONs.
